Gilliam County is one of Oregon’s smallest and least populated counties, located in north-central Oregon along the Columbia River. Its landscape is dominated by rolling wheat fields, open plateaus, and expansive views that reflect its strong agricultural identity. Dryland farming, particularly wheat production, is the backbone of the local economy and has shaped settlement patterns for generations. The county’s quiet roads and rural setting appeal to those who value space, simplicity, and a close connection to the land. Gilliam County has minimal urban development, which reinforces its agricultural focus and low population density. Its location along the Columbia River also ties it historically to regional transportation and trade routes. The county represents a classic example of Oregon’s rural interior, defined by farming, resilience, and wide-open country.