Jefferson County is located in central Oregon along the eastern slopes of the Cascade Range and extends into high desert terrain. The county’s economy is rooted in agriculture, ranching, and food processing, with irrigation playing a key role in land use. Tribal lands and cultural heritage are an important part of the county’s identity and history. Jefferson County experiences a dry climate and wide seasonal temperature variation, shaping both farming practices and daily life. Open landscapes, rivers, and nearby recreation areas support outdoor activities and tourism. The county reflects the transition between forested mountain regions and Oregon’s interior desert.