Umatilla County is located in northeastern Oregon and includes river valleys, agricultural land, and rolling hills. The county’s economy is heavily based on farming, food processing, and logistics, supported by irrigation and transportation corridors. Wheat, livestock, and other crops dominate land use across much of the county. River access has historically shaped trade and settlement patterns. Umatilla County also serves as a regional service center for surrounding rural areas. Its agricultural productivity and strategic location define its role in eastern Oregon.